To classify the blood group: A, B, AB or O and either Rh-positive or Rh-negative.

Cancer markers ara substances made by cancerous cells or body’s normal cells in response.

• AFP for liver cancer
• CEA for a range of cancers colon cancer
• CA19.9 for pancreatic cancer
• CA125 for ovarian cancer
• CA15.3 for breast cancer
• PSA for prostate cancer

To measure the blood glucose (sugar) levels and identify non-symptomatic individuals who are likely to have diabetes.

• Glucose
• HBA1c

To measure the composition of red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, and platelets in the blood. It evaluates the overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anaemia, infections, and leukaemia.

To indicate a recent or past infection. H. Pylori is a bacteria that infects the lining of the stomach that can be responsible for causing stomach ulcers and in rare cases, gastric cancer.

If the test result is negative, then it is unlikely thata person has had an H Pylori infection. If the test result is positive, then, it indicates past or current H Pylori infection. The test result should befurther confirmed urea breath test.

Hepatitis A is a viral infection that causes the liver to become enlarged, inflamed, and tender. The virus is excreted in faeces, and transmitted through contaminated food and water.

On the other hand, hepatitis B is a more serious liver infection. People with hepatitis Bare also at a higher risk of developing liver cancer. It is spread through direct contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person

A group or panel of blood tests that collectively looks at how much iron is in the blood and body. It consists:

• Iron
• Ferritin
• TIBC
• Transferrin
• Transferrin Saturation

Summary of the changes in iron test results seen in various disorders.

To monitor and evaluate cardiovascular risk by analysis the levels of each type of fat in the blood: total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides. T monitor and screen for risk of cardiovascular disease.

To detect, evaluate and monitor liver disease or damage by measuring the levels of certain enzymes, proteins and other substances that are produced or excreted by liver such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), bilirubin, and albumin.

To measure how much rheumatoid factor (RF) is in the blood. This protein is part of a normal immunogenic response to the presence of a foreign entity, such as bacteria or a virus, forming a complex that the immune system can remove.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will develop an abnormal protein called an autoantibody, which can result in RA at high levels. While normal antibodies attack pathogens like baderia and viruses, autoantibodies such as RF mistakenly attack the body’s healthy cells and tissues

To assess the kidney health and measure kidneyfuncion. It gives information on levels of creatinine, sodium, calcium, chloride, blood urea and potassium. Some laboratory calculates glomerular filtration rate as well

To assess the thyroid gland function. The thyroid gland creates hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate the way body uses energy and affect metabolic rate.

Full and microscopic examination of urine. To analyse urine speamens. Chemical testing allows us to detect the presence of blood, protein, glucose, ketones and either substances in the urine. To detect and manage a wide range of disorders such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes.

To measures the amount of Vitamin D in the body. Vitamin D is involved in regulating calcium and phosphorus, which are essential nutrients to promote bone strength and cellular health. Vitamin D levels are associated with Immune system activity, prevention of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease prevention, osteoarthritis or insulin resistance.

To measure level of inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease.